display



NAME

     display - display an image on any workstation running X


SYNOPSIS

     display [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...]


DESCRIPTION

     Display is a machine architecture independent image
     processing and display program.  It can display an image on
     any workstation screen running an X server.  Display can
     read and write many of the more popular image formats (e.g.
     JPEG, TIFF, PNM, Photo CD, etc.).  With display, you can
     perform these functions on an image:

         o load an image from a file
         o display the next image
         o display the former image
         o display a sequence of images as a slide show
         o write the image to a file
         o print the image to a Postscript printer
         o delete the image file
         o create a Visual Image Directory
         o select the image to display by its thumbnail rather
     than name
         o undo last image transformation
         o copy a region of the image
         o paste a region to the image
         o restore the image to its original size
         o refresh the image
         o half the image size
         o double the image size
         o resize the image
         o crop the image
         o cut the image
         o flop image in the horizontal direction
         o flip image in the vertical direction
         o rotate the image 90 degrees clockwise
         o rotate the image 90 degrees counter-clockwise
         o rotate the image
         o shear the image
         o trim the image edges
         o invert the colors of the image
         o vary the color brightness
         o vary the color saturation
         o vary the image hue
         o gamma correct the image
         o sharpen the image contrast
         o dull the image contrast
         o perform histogram equalization on the image
         o perform histogram normalization on the image
         o negate the image colors
         o convert the image to grayscale
         o set the maximum number of unique colors in the image
         o reduce the speckles within an image
         o eliminate peak noise from an image
         o detect edges within the image
         o emboss an image
         o oil paint an image
         o segment the image by color
         o annotate the image with text
         o draw on the image
         o edit an image pixel color
         o edit the image matte information
         o composite an image with another
         o add a border to the image
         o add an image comment
         o apply image processing techniques to a region of
     interest
         o display information about the image
         o display information about this program
         o display image to background of a window
         o set user preferences
         o discard all images and exit program
         o change the level of magnification
         o display images specified by a World Wide Web (WWW)
     uniform resource locator (URL)


EXAMPLES

     To scale an image of a cockatoo to exactly 640 pixels in
     width and 480 pixels in height and position the window at
     location (200,200), use:

          display -geometry 640x480+200+200! cockatoo.miff

     To display an image of a cockatoo without a border centered
     on a backdrop, use:

          display +borderwidth -backdrop cockatoo.miff

     To tile a slate texture onto the root window, use:

          display -size 1280x1024 -window root slate.png

     To display a visual image directory of all your JPEG images,
     use:

          display 'vid:*.jpg'

     To display a MAP image that is 640 pixels in width and 480
     pixels in height with 256 colors, use:

          display -size 640x480+256 cockatoo.map


     To display an image of a cockatoo specified with a World
     Wide Web (WWW) uniform resource locator (URL), use

          display ftp://wizards.dupont.com/images/cockatoo.jpg


OPTIONS

     -annotate string
          annotate an image with text.

          Use this option to annotate an image with text.
          Optionally you can include the image filename, type,
          width, height, or scene number by embedding special
          format characters.  Embed %f for filename, %m for
          magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene
          number, or \n for newline.  For example,

               -annotate "%m:%f %wx%h"

          annotates the image with MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an
          image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
          height is 480.

          If the first character of string is @, the text is read
          from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
          string.

          You can set the text position, font, and font color
          with -geometry, -font, and -pen respectively.

     -backdrop
          display the image centered on a backdrop.

          This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and
          is useful for hiding other X window activity while
          viewing the image.   The color of the backdrop is
          specified as the background color.  Refer to X
          RESOURCES for details.

     -blur factor
          blurs an image.  Specify factor as the percent
          enhancement (0.0 - 99.9%).

     -border <width>x<height>fP
          surround the image with a border or color.  See X(1)
          for details about the geometry specification.

          The color of the border is obtained from the X server
          and is defined as bordercolor (class borderColor).  See
          X(1) for details.

     -colormap type
          the type of colormap: Shared or Private.
          This option only applies when the default X server
          visual is PseudoColor or GrayScale.  Refer to -visual
          for more details.  By default, a shared colormap is
          allocated.  The image shares colors with other X
          clients.  Some image colors could be approximated,
          therefore your image may look very different than
          intended.  Choose Private and the image colors appear
          exactly as they are defined.  However, other clients
          may go technicolor when the image colormap is
          installed.

     -colors value
          preferred number of colors in the image.

          The actual number of colors in the image may be less
          than your request, but never more.  Note, this is a
          color reduction option.  Images with less unique colors
          than specified with this option will remain unchanged.
          Refer to quantize(9) for more details.

          Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth
          affect the color reduction algorithm.

     -colorspace value
          the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, XYZ, YCbCr,
          YIQ, YPbPr, or YUV.

          Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB
          color space.  Empirical evidence suggests that
          distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond
          to perceptual color differences more closely than do
          distances in RGB space.  These color spaces may give
          better results when color reducing an image.  Refer to
          quantize(9) for more details.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -comment string
          annotate an image with a comment.

          By default, each image is commented with its file name.
          Use this option to assign a specific comment to the
          image.  Optionally you can include the image filename,
          type, width, height, or scene number by embedding
          special format characters.  Embed %f for filename, %m
          for magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene
          number, or \n for newline.  For example,

          -comment "%m:%f %wx%h"


     produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an
     image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is
     480.

     If the first character of string is @, the image comment is
     read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
     string.

     -compress type
          the type of image compression: QEncoded or
          RunlengthEncoded.

          Use this option with -write to specify the the type of
          image compression.  See miff(5) for details.

          Specify +compress to store the binary image in an
          uncompressed format.  The default is the compression
          type of the specified image file.

     -contrast
          enhance or reduce the image contrast.

          This option enhances the intensity differences between
          the lighter and darker elements of the image.  Use
          -contrast to enhance the image or +contrast to reduce
          the image contrast.

     -crop <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
          preferred size and location of the cropped image.  See
          X(1) for details about the geometry specification.

          To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
          %.  For example to crop the image by ten percent on all
          sides of the image, use -crop 10%.

          Use cropping to apply image processing options to, or
          display, a particular area of an image.  Use -crop 0x0
          to remove edges that are the background color.

          The equivalent X resource for this option is
          cropGeometry (class CropGeometry).  See X RESOURCES for
          details.

     -delay seconds
          display the next image after pausing.

          This option is useful when viewing several images in
          sequence.  Each image will display and wait the number
          of seconds specified before the next image is
          displayed.  The default is to display the image and
          wait until you choose to display the next image or
          terminate the program.

     -density <width>x<height>
          vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the
          image.

          This option specifies an image density when decoding a
          Postscript or Portable Document page.  The default is
          72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical
          direction.

     -despeckle
          reduce the speckles within an image.

     -display host:display[.screen]
          specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).

     -dither
          apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.

          The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity
          resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the
          intensities of several neighboring pixels.  Images
          which suffer from severe contouring when reducing
          colors can be improved with this option.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -edge
          detect edges within an image.

     -enhance
          apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.

     -equalize
          perform histogram equalization to the image.

     -flip
          create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image
          scanlines in the vertical direction.

     -flop
          create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image
          scanlines in the horizontal direction.

     -frame <width>x<height>fP
          surround the image with an an ornamental border.  See
          X(1) for details about the geometry specification.

          The color of the border is specified with the
          -mattecolor command line option.

     -gamma value
          level of gamma correction.

          The same color image displayed on two different
          workstations may look different due to differences in
          the display monitor.  Use gamma correction to adjust
          for this color difference.  Reasonable values extend
          from 0.8 to 2.3.

          You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green,
          and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list
          delineated with commas (i.e. 1.7,2.3,1.2).

     -geometry <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-
          }<y offset>{!}
          preferred size and location of the Image window.  See
          X(1) for details about the geometry specification.  By
          default, the window size is the image size and the
          location is chosen by you when it is mapped.

          By default, the width and height are maximum values.
          That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the
          width and height value while maintaining the aspect
          ratio of the image.  Append an exclamation point to the
          geometry to force the image size to exactly the size
          you specify.  For example, if you specify 640x480! the
          image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480.  If
          only one factor is specified, both the width and height
          assume the value.

          To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
          %.  The image size is multiplied by the width and
          height percentages to obtain the final image
          dimensions.  To increase the size of an image, use a
          value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%).  To decrease an
          image's size, use a percentage less than 100.

          When displaying an image on an X server, <x offset> and
          <y offset> is relative to the root window.

          The equivalent X resource for this option is geometry
          (class Geometry).  See X RESOURCES for details.

     -interlace type
          the type of interlacing scheme: NONE, LINE, or PLANE.

          This option is used to specify the type of interlacing
          scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV.  NONE
          means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), LINE
          uses scanline interlacing
          (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and PLANE uses
          plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).

          Use LINE, or PLANE to create an interlaced GIF image.

     -label name
          assign a label to an image.

          Use this option to assign a specific label to the
          image.  Optionally you can include the image filename,
          type, width, height, or scene number in the label by
          embedding special format characters.   Embed %f for
          filename, %m for magick, %w for width, %h for height,
          or %s for scene number.  For example,

          -label "%m:%f %wx%h"

     produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an
     image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is
     480.

     If the first character of string is @, the image label is
     read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
     string.

     When converting to Postscript, use this option to specify a
     header string to print above the image.

     -map type
          display image using this Standard Colormap type.

          Choose from these Standard Colormap types:

         best
         default
         gray
         red
         green
         blue

     The X server must support the Standard Colormap you choose,
     otherwise an error occurs.  Use list as the type and
     display(1) searches the list of colormap types in top-to-
     bottom order until one is located. See xstdcmap(1) for one
     way of creating Standard Colormaps.

     -matte
          store matte channel if the image has one.

     -modulate value
          vary the hue, saturation, and brightness of an image.

          Specify the percent change in hue, the color
          saturation, and the brightness separated by commas.
          For example, to increase the color hue by 20% and
          decrease the color saturation by 10% and leave the
          brightness unchanged, use: -modulate 20,-10.

     -monochrome
          transform the image to black and white.

     -negate
          apply color inversion to image.

          The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are
          negated.

     -noise
          reduce the noise in an image with a noise peak
          elimination filter.

          The principal function of noise peak elimination filter
          is to smooth the objects within an image without losing
          edge information and without creating undesired
          structures.  The central idea of the algorithm is to
          replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within
          a 3 x 3 window, if this pixel has been found to be
          noise.  A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this
          pixel is a maximum or minimum within the 3 x 3 window.

     -normalize
          transform image to span the full range of color values.

          This is a contrast enhancement technique.

     -page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
          size and location of the Postscript page.

          Use this option to specify the dimensions of the
          Postscript page in pixels per inch or a TEXT page in
          pixels.  The default for a Postscript page is to center
          the image on a letter page 612 by 792 pixels. The
          margins are 1/2" (i.e.  612x792+36+36).  Other common
          sizes are:

         Letter      612x 792
         Tabloid     792x1224
         Ledger     1224x 792
         Legal       612x1008
         Statement   396x 612
         Executive   540x 720
         A3          842x1190
         A4          595x 842
         A5          420x 595
         B4          729x1032
         B5          516x 729
         Folio       612x 936
         Quarto      610x 780
         10x14       720x1008

     For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g.
     A4, Ledger, etc.).

     The page geometry is relative to the vertical and horizontal
     density of the Postscript page.  See -density for details.

     The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.

     -pen color
          set the color of the font.  See -annotate for further
          details.

          See X(1) for details about the color specification.

     -quality value
          JPEG quality setting.

          Quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default is 85.

     -roll {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
          roll an image vertically or horizontally.  See X(1) for
          details about the geometry specification.

          A negative x offset rolls the image left-to-right.  A
          negative y offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.

     -rotate degrees
          apply Paeth image rotation to the image.

          Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are
          filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class
          borderColor).  See X(1) for details.

     -sample geometry
          scale image with pixel sampling.  See -geometry for
          details about the geometry specification.

     -scene value
          image scene number.

          Use this option to specify an image sequence with a
          single filename.  See the discussion of file below for
          details.

     -sharpen factor
          sharpen an image.  Specify factor as the percent
          enhancement (0.0 - 99.9%).

     -shear <x degrees>x<y degrees>
          shear the image along the X or Y axis by a positive or
          negative shear angle.

          Shearing slides one edge of an image along the X or Y
          axis, creating a parallelogram.  An X direction shear
          slides an edge along the X axis, while a Y direction
          shear slides an edge along the Y axis.  The amount of
          the shear is controlled by a shear angle.  For X
          direction shears, x degrees> is measured relative to
          the Y axis, and similarly, for Y direction shears y
          degrees is measured relative to the X axis.

          Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are
          filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class
          borderColor).  See X(1) for details.

     -size <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+colors}{!}
          width and height of the image.

          Use this option to specify the width and height of raw
          images whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY, RGB,
          or CMYK.  In addition to width and height, use -size to
          tell the number of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g.
          -size 640x512+256).

          For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:

          192x128
          384x256
          768x512
         1536x1024
         3072x2048

     -transparency color
          make this color transparent within the image.

     -treedepth value
          Normally, this integer value is zero or one.  A zero or
          one tells display to choose a optimal tree depth for
          the color reduction algorithm.

          An optimal depth generally allows the best
          representation of the source image with the fastest
          computational speed and the least amount of memory.
          However, the default depth is inappropriate for some
          images.  To assure the best representation, try values
          between 2 and 8 for this parameter.  Refer to
          quantize(9) for more details.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -update seconds
          detect when image file is modified and redisplay.

          Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file
          that is currently displayed is over-written.  display
          will automatically detect that the input file has been
          changed and update the displayed image accordingly.

     -verbose
          print detailed information about the image.

          This information is printed: image scene number;  image
          name;  image size; the image class (DirectClass or
          PseudoClass);  the total number of unique colors;  and
          the number of seconds to read and transform the image.
          Refer to miff(5) for a description of the image class.

          If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors
          in the image and color reduction error values are
          printed.  Refer to quantize(9) for a description of
          these values.

     -visual type
          display image using this visual type.

          Choose from these visual classes:

         StaticGray
         GrayScale
         StaticColor
         PseudoColor
         TrueColor
         DirectColor
         default
         visual id

     The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise
     an error occurs.  If a visual is not specified, the visual
     class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the
     default X server screen is chosen.

     -window id
          set the background pixmap of this window to the image.

          id can be a window id or name.  Specify root to select
          X's root window as the target window.

          By default the image is tiled onto the background of
          the target window.   If -backdrop or -geometry are
          specified, the image is surrounded by the background
          color.  Refer to X RESOURCES for details.

          The image will not display on the root window if the
          image has more unique colors than the target window
          colormap allows.  Use -colors to reduce the number of
          colors.

     -write filename
          write image to a file.

          If file already exists, you will be prompted as to
          whether it should be overwritten.

          By default, the image is written in the format that it
          was read in as.  To specify a particular image format,
          prefix file with the image type and a colon (i.e.
          ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename
          suffix (i.e. image.ps).  See convert(1) for a list of
          valid image formats.  Specify file as - for standard
          output.  If file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file
          size is compressed using with compress or gzip
          respectively.  Precede the image file name | to pipe to
          a system command. If file already exists, you will be
          prompted as to whether it should be overwritten.

          Use -compress to specify the type of image compression.

          The equivalent X resource for this option is
          writeFilename (class WriteFilename).  See X RESOURCES
          for details.

     In addition to those listed above, you can specify these
     standard X resources as command line options:  -background,
     -bordercolor, -borderwidth, -font, -foreground,
     -iconGeometry, -iconic, -mattecolor, -name, or -title.  See
     X RESOURCES for details.

     Options are processed in command line order.  Any option you
     specify on the command line remains in effect until it is
     explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a
     different effect.  For example to display two images, the
     first with 32 colors, and the second with only 16 colors,
     use:

          display -colors 32 cockatoo.miff -colors 16 macaw.miff

     Change - to + in any option above to reverse its effect.
     For example, specify +matte to store the image without its
     matte channel.

     By default, the image format is determined by its magic
     number. To specify a particular image format, precede the
     filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.
     ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix
     (i.e. image.ps).  See convert(1) for a list of valid image
     formats.

     When you specify X as your image type, the filename has
     special meaning.  It specifies an X window by id, name, or
     root.  If no filename is specified, the window is selected
     by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

     Specify file as - for standard input.  If file has the
     extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with
     uncompress or gunzip respectively.  Precede the image file
     name | to pipe from a system command.

     Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name
     to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image
     format like Photo CD (e.g. img0001.pcd[4]).

     Single images are read with the filename you specify.
     Alternatively, you can display an image sequence with a
     single filename.  Define the range of the image sequence
     with -scene.  Each image in the range is read with the
     filename followed by a period (.)  and the scene number.
     You can change this behavior by embedding a printf format
     specification in the file name.  For example,

             -scene 0-9 image%02d.miff

     displays files image00.miff, image01.miff, through
     image09.miff.


BUTTONS

     The effects of each button press is described below.  Three
     buttons are required.  If you have a two button mouse,
     button 1 and 3 are returned.  Press ALT and button 3 to
     simulate button 2.

     1    Press this button to map or unmap the Command widget.
          See the next section for more information about the
          Command widget.

     2    Press and drag to define a region of the image to
          magnify.

     3    Choose a particular tile of the visual image directory
          and press this button and drag to select a command from
          a pop-up menu.  Choose from these menu items:

         Load
         Delete

     If you choose Delete, the image represented by the tile is
     deleted.  Otherwise, it is displayed.  To return to the
     visual image directory, choose Next from the Command widget
     (refer to COMMAND WIDGET).  See montage(1) and miff(5) for
     more details.


COMMAND WIDGET

     The Command widget lists a number of sub-menus and commands.
     They are

         File
           Load...
           Next
           Former
           Select...
           Save...
           Print...
           Delete...
           Canvas...
           Slide Show
           Visual Directory...
         Edit
           Undo
           Cut
           Copy
           Paste
           Refresh
         Size
           Half Size
           Original Size
           Double Size
           Resize...
           Restore
           Apply
         Pixel Transform
           Crop
           Chop
           Flop
           Flip
           Rotate Right
           Rotate Left
           Rotate...
           Shear...
           Trim Edges
         Color Transform
           Hue...
           Saturation...
           Brightness...
           Gamma...
           Spiff...
           Dull
           Equalize
           Normalize
           Negate
           Grayscale
           Quantize...
         Effects
           Despeckle
           Peak Noise
           Sharpen...
           Blur...
           Edge Detect
           Emboss
           Oil Painting
           Segment...
         Image Edit
           Annotate
           Draw
           Color
           Matte
           Composite...
           Add Border...
           Comment
           Region of Interest
         Miscellany
           Image Info
           Version
           Help
           Background...
           Preferences...
         Quit

     Menu items with a indented triangle have a sub-menu.  They
     are represented above as the indented items.  To access a
     sub-menu item, move the pointer to the appropriate menu and
     press a button and drag.  When you find the desired sub-menu
     item, release the button and the command is executed.  Move
     the pointer away from the sub-menu if you decide not to
     execute a particular command.


KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS

     Accelerators are one or two key presses that effect a
     particular command.  The keyboard accelerators that
     display(1) understands is:

     l    Press to load an image from a file.

          Refer to IMAGE LOADING for more details.

     n    Press to display the next image.

          If the image is a multi-paged document such as a
          Postscript document, you can skip ahead several pages
          by preceeding this command with a number. For example
          to display the fourth page beyond the current page,
          press 4n.

     f    Press to display the former image.

          If the image is a multi-paged document such as a
          Postscript document, you can skip behind several pages
          by preceeding this command with a number. For example
          to display the fourth page preceeding the current page,
          press 4n.

     F2   Press to select an image from the command line.

     s    Press to save the image to a file.

     p    Press to print the image to a Postscript printer.

     ^    Press to delete an image file.

     C    Press to create a blank canvas.

     ,    Press to display the next image after pausing.

     V    Press to create a Visual Image Directory.

          Refer to VISUAL IMAGE DIRECTORY for more details.

     u    Press to undo last image transformation.

     F3   Press to cut a region of the image.

          Refer to IMAGE CUTTING for more details.

     F4   Press to copy a region of the image.

          Refer to IMAGE COPYING for more details.

     F5   Press to paste a region to the image.

          Refer to IMAGE PASTING for more details.

     @    Press to refresh the Image window.

     <    Press to half the image size.

     o    Press to return to the original image size.

     >    Press to double the image size.

     %    Press to resize the image to a width and height you
          specify.

     r    Press to restore the image to its original size.

     A    Press to make any image transformations permanent.
          By default, any image size transformations are applied
          to the original image to create the image displayed on
          the X server.  However, the transformations are not
          permanent (i.e. the original image does not change size
          only the X image does).  For example, if you press >
          the X image will appear to double in size, but the
          orginal image will in fact remain the same size.  To
          force the original image to double in size, press >
          followed by A.

     [    Press to crop the image.

          Refer to IMAGE CROPPING for more details.

     ]    Press to chop the image.

          Refer to IMAGE CHOPPING for more details.

     |    Press to flop image in the horizontal direction.

     -    Press to flip image in the vertical direction.

     /    Press to rotate the image 90 degrees clockwise.

     Press to rotate the image 90 degrees counter-clockwise.

     *    Press to rotate the image the number of degrees you
          specify.

          Refer to IMAGE ROTATION for more details.

     F6   Press to shear the image the number of degrees you
          specify.

     t    Press to trim the image edges.

     F7   Press to vary the color hue.

     F8   Press to vary the color saturation.

     F9   Press to vary the image brightness.

     g    Press to gamma correct the image.

     F10  Press to spiff up the image contrast.

     F11  Press to dull the image contrast.

     =    Press to perform histogram equalization on the image.

     N    Press to perform histogram normalization on the image.

     ~    Press to negate the colors of the image.

     G    Press to convert the image colors to gray.

     #    Press to set the maximum number of unique colors in the
          image.

     D    Press to reduce the speckles in an image.

     P    Press to eliminate peak noise from an image.

     S    Press to sharpen an image.

     B    Press to blur image an image.

     E    Press to detect edges within an image.

     M    Press to emboss an image.

     O    Press to oil paint an image.

     Z    Press to segment the image by color.

     R    Press to apply an image processing technique to a
          region of interest.

          Refer to REGION OF INTEREST for more details.

     a    Press to annotate the image with text.

          Refer to IMAGE ANNOTATION for more details.

     d    Press to draw a line on the image.

          Refer to IMAGE DRAWING for more details.

     C    Press to edit an image pixel color.

          Refer to COLOR EDITING for more details.

     m    Press to edit the image matte information.

          Refer to MATTE EDITING for more details.

     x    Press to composite the image with another.

          Refer to IMAGE COMPOSITING for more details.

     a    Press to add a border to the image.

     !    Press to add an image comment.

     i    Press to display information about the image.

     v    Press to display the version number of display(1).

     h    Press to display helpful information about display(1).

          Function keys HELP or F1 are synonymous with the h key.

     }    display image to background of a window.

     F12  set user preferences.

     q    Press to discard all images and exit program.

     1-9  Press to change the level of magnification.

     Use the arrow keys to move the image one pixel up, down,
     left, or right within the magnify window.  Be sure to first
     map the magnify window by pressing button 2.

     Press ALT and one of the arrow keys to trim off one pixel
     from any side of the image.


X RESOURCES

     Display options can appear on the command line or in your X
     resource file.  Options on the command line supersede values
     specified in your X resource file.  See X(1) for more
     information on X resources.

     Most display options have a corresponding X resource.  In
     addition, display uses the following X resources:

     background (class Background)
          Specifies the preferred color to use for the Image
          window background.  The default is #ccc.

     borderColor (class BorderColor)
          Specifies the preferred color to use for the Image
          window border.  The default is black.

     borderWidth (class BorderWidth)
          Specifies the width in pixels of the Image window
          border.  The default is 2.

     editorCommand (class editorCommand)
          Specifies the name of the preferred editor when editing
          image comments.  The default is nedit  %s.

     font (class FontList)
          Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in
          normal formatted text.  The default is 14 point
          Helvetica.

     font[1-9] (class Font[1-9])
          Specifies the name of the preferred font to use when
          annotating the Image window with text.  The default
          fonts are fixed, variable, 5x8, 6x10, 7x13bold,
          8x13bold, 9x15bold, 10x20, and 12x24.  Refer to IMAGE
          ANNOTATION for more details.

     foreground (class Foreground)
          Specifies the preferred color to use for text within
          the Image window.  The default is black.

     geometry (class Geometry)
          Specifies the preferred size and position of the image
          window.  It is not necessarily obeyed by all window
          managers.

     iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
          Specifies the preferred size and position of the
          application when iconified.  It is not necessarily
          obeyed by all window managers.

     iconic (class Iconic)
          This resource indicates that you would prefer that the
          application's windows initially not be visible as if
          the windows had be immediately iconified by you.
          Window managers may choose not to honor the
          application's request.

     magnify (class Magnify)
          specifies an integral factor by which the image should
          be enlarged.  The default is 3.

          This value only affects the magnification window which
          is invoked with button number 3 after the image is
          displayed.  Refer to BUTTONS for more details.

     matteColor (class MatteColor)
          Specify the color of windows.  It is used for the
          backgrounds of windows, menus, and notices.  A 3D
          effect  is achieved  by using highlight and shadow
          colors derived from this color.  Default value: #ccc.

     name (class Name)
          This resource specifies the name under which resources
          for the application should be found.  This resource is
          useful in shell aliases to distinguish between
          invocations of an application, without resorting to
          creating links to alter the executable file name.  The
          default is the application name.

     pen[1-9] (class Pen[1-9])
          Specifies the color of the preferred font to use when
          annotating the Image window with text.  The default
          colors are black, blue, green, cyan, gray, red,
          magenta, yellow, and white.  Refer to IMAGE ANNOTATION
          for more details.

     printCommand (class PrintCommand)
          This command is executed whenever Print is issued (see
          BUTTONS.  In general, it is the command to print
          Postscript to your printer.  Default value: lpr %s.

     sharedMemory (class SharedMemory)
          This resource specifies whether display should attempt
          use shared memory for pixmaps.  ImageMagick must be
          compiled with shared memory support, and the display
          must support the MIT-SHM extension.  Otherwise, this
          resource is ignored.  The default is True.

     textFont (class textFont)
          Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in
          fixed (typewriter style) formatted text.  The default
          is 14 point Courier.

     title (class Title)
          This resource specifies the title to be used for the
          Image window.  This information is sometimes used by a
          window manager to provide a header identifying the
          window.  The default is the image file name.

     usePixmap (class UsePixmap)
          Images are maintained as a XImage by default.  Set this
          resource to True to utilize a server Pixmap instead.
          This option is useful if your image exceeds the
          dimensions of your server screen and you intend to pan
          the image.  Panning is much faster with Pixmaps than
          with a XImage.  Pixmaps are considered a precious
          resource, use them with discretion.

     To set the geometry of the Magnify or Pan or window, use the
     geometry resource.  For example, to set the Pan window
     geometry to 256x256, use:

         display.pan.geometry: 256x256


IMAGE LOADING

     To select an image to display, choose Load of the File sub-
     menu from the Command widget.  A file browser is displayed.
     To choose a particular image file, move the pointer to the
     filename and press any button.  The filename is copied to
     the text window.  Next, press Load or press the RETURN key.
     Alternatively, you can type the image file name directly
     into the text window.  To descend directories, choose a
     directory name and press the button twice quickly.  A
     scrollbar allows a large list of filenames to be moved
     through the viewing area if it exceeds the size of the list
     area.

     You can trim the list of file names by using shell globbing
     characters.  For example, type *.jpg to list only files that
     end with .jpg.

     To select your image from the X server screen instead of
     from a file, Choose Grab of the Load widget.


VISUAL IMAGE DIRECTORY

     To create a Visual Image Directory, choose Visual Directory
     of the File sub-menu from the Command widget.  A file
     browser is displayed.  To create a Visual Image Directory
     from all the images in the current directory, press
     Directory or press the RETURN key.  Alternatively, you can
     select a set of image names by using shell globbing
     characters.  For example, type *.jpg to include only files
     that end with .jpg.  To descend directories, choose a
     directory name and press the button twice quickly.  A
     scrollbar allows a large list of filenames to be moved
     through the viewing area if it exceeds the size of the list
     area.

     After you select a set of files, they are turned into
     thumbnails and tiled onto a single image.  Now move the
     pointer to a particular thumbnail and press button 3 and
     drag.  Finally, select Load.  The image represented by the
     thumbnail is displayed at its full size.  Choose Next from
     the File sub-menu of the Command widget to return to the
     Visual Image Directory.


IMAGE CUTTING

     Note that cut information for Image window is not retained
     for colormapped X server visuals (e.g. StaticColor,
     StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor).  Correct cutting
     behavior may require a TrueColor or DirectColor visual or a
     Standard Colormap.

     To begin, press choose Cut of the Edit sub-menu from the
     Command widget (see COMMAND WIDGET).  Alternatively, press
     F3 in the Image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window.  You are now in cut mode.  In cut mode,
     the Command widget has these options:

         Help
         Return


     To define a cut region, press button 1 and drag.  The cut
     region is defined by a highlighted rectangle that expands or
     contracts as it follows the pointer.  Once you are satisfied
     with the cut region, release the button.  You are now in
     rectify mode.  In rectify mode, the Command widget has these
     options:

         Cut
         Help
         Return

     You can make adjustments by moving the pointer to one of the
     cut rectangle corners, pressing a button, and dragging.
     Finally, press Cut to commit your copy region.  To exit
     without cutting the image, press Return.


IMAGE COPYING

     To begin, press choose Copy of the Edit sub-menu from the
     Command widget (see COMMAND WIDGET).  Alternatively, press
     F4 in the Image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window.  You are now in copy mode.  In copy mode,
     the Command widget has these options:

         Help
         Return

     To define a copy region, press button 1 and drag.  The copy
     region is defined by a highlighted rectangle that expands or
     contracts as it follows the pointer.  Once you are satisfied
     with the copy region, release the button.  You are now in
     rectify mode.  In rectify mode, the Command widget has these
     options:

         Copy
         Help
         Return

     You can make adjustments by moving the pointer to one of the
     copy rectangle corners, pressing a button, and dragging.
     Finally, press Copy to commit your copy region.  To exit
     without copying the image, press Return.


IMAGE PASTING

     To begin, press choose Paste of the Edit sub-menu from the
     Command widget (see COMMAND WIDGET).  Alternatively, press
     F5 in the Image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window. You are now in Paste mode.  To exit
     immediately, press Return.  In Paste mode, the Command
     widget has these options:

         Operators
           over
           in
           out
           atop
           xor
           plus
           minus
           add
           subtract
           difference
           replace
         Help
         Return

     Choose a composite operation from the Operators sub-menu of
     the Command widget.  How each operator behaves is described
     below.  Image window is the image currently displayed on
     your X server and image is the image obtained with the File
     Browser widget.

     over     The result is the union of the two image shapes,
              with image obscuring Image window in the region of
              overlap.

     in       The result is simply image cut by the shape of
              image window.  None of the image data of Image
              window is in the result.

     out      The resulting image is image with the shape of
              Image window cut out.

     atop     The result is the same shape as image Image window,
              with image obscuring Image window where the image
              shapes overlap.  Note this differs from over
              because the portion of image outside Image window's
              shape does not appear in the result.

     xor      The result is the image data from both image and
              Image window that is outside the overlap region.
              The overlap region is blank.

     plus     The result is just the sum of the image data.
              Output values are cropped to 255 (no overflow).
              This operation is independent of the matte
              channels.

     minus    The result of image - Image window, with underflow
              cropped to zero.  The matte channel is ignored (set
              to 255, full coverage).

     add      The result of image + Image window, with overflow
              wrapping around (mod 256).

     subtract The result of image - Image window, with underflow
              wrapping around (mod 256).  The add and subtract
              operators can be used to perform reversible
              transformations.

     difference
              The result of abs(image - Image window).  This is
              useful for comparing two very similar images.

     replace  The resulting image is Image window replaced with
              image.  Here the matte information is ignored.

     The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in
     the image for some operations.  This extra channel usually
     defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter
     for the image.  This is the case when matte is 255 (full
     coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and
     between zero and 255 on the boundary.  If image does not
     have a matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel
     matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255.
     See MATTE EDITING for a method of defining a matte channel.

     Note that matte information for Image window is not retained
     for colormapped X server visuals (e.g. StaticColor,
     StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor).  Correct compositing
     behavior may require a TrueColor or DirectColor visual or a
     Standard Colormap.

     Choosing a composite operator is optional.  The default
     operator is replace.  However, you must choose a location to
     composite your image and press a button.  Press and hold the
     button before releasing and an outline of the image will
     appear to help you identify your location.

     The actual colors of the pasted image is saved.  However,
     the color that appears in Image window may be different.
     For example, on a monochrome screen Image window will appear
     black or white even though your pasted image may have many
     colors.  If the image is saved to a file it is written with
     the correct colors.  To assure the correct colors are saved
     in the final image, any PseudoClass image is promoted to
     DirectClass (see miff(5)).  To force a PseudoClass image to
     remain PseudoClass, use -colors.


IMAGE CROPPING

     To begin, press choose Crop of the Pixel Transform sub-menu
     from the Command widget (see COMMAND WIDGET).
     Alternatively, press [ in the Image window (see KEYBOARD
     ACCELERATORS).
     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window.  You are now in crop mode.  In crop mode,
     the Command widget has these options:

         Help
         Return

     To define a cropping region, press button 1 and drag.  The
     cropping region is defined by a highlighted rectangle that
     expands or contracts as it follows the pointer.  Once you
     are satisfied with the cropping region, release the button.
     You are now in rectify mode.  In rectify mode, the Command
     widget has these options:

         Crop
         Help
         Return

     You can make adjustments by moving the pointer to one of the
     cropping rectangle corners, pressing a button, and dragging.
     Finally, press Crop to commit your cropping region.  To exit
     without cropping the image, press Return.


IMAGE CHOPPING

     An image is chopped interactively.  There is no command line
     argument to chop an image.  To begin, choose Chop of the
     Pixel Transform sub-menu from the Command widget (see
     COMMAND WIDGET).  Alternatively, press ] in the Image window
     (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     You are now in Chop mode.  To exit immediately, press
     Return.  In Chop mode, the Command widget has these options:

         Direction
           horizontal
           vertical
         Help
         Return

     If the you choose the horizontal direction (this is the
     default), the area of the image between the two horizontal
     endpoints of the chop line is removed.  Otherwise, the area
     of the image between the two vertical endpoints of the chop
     line is removed.

     Select a location within the Image window to begin your
     chop, press and hold any button.  Next, move the pointer to
     another location in the image.  As you move a line will
     connect the initial location and the pointer.  When you
     release the button, the area within the image to chop is
     determined by which direction you choose from the Command
     widget.
     To cancel the image chopping, move the pointer back to the
     starting point of the line and release the button.


IMAGE ROTATION

     Press the / key to rotate the image 90 degrees or \ to
     rotate -90 degrees (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).  To
     interactively choose the degree of rotation, choose
     Rotate... of the Pixel Transform submenu from the Command
     Widget (see COMMAND WIDGET).  Alternatively, press * in the
     Image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     A small horizontal line is drawn next to the pointer.  You
     are now in rotate mode.  To exit immediately, press Return.
     In rotate mode, the Command widget has these options:

         Pixel Color
           black
           blue
           cyan
           green
           gray
           red
           magenta
           yellow
           white
           Browser...
         Direction
           horizontal
           vertical
         Help
         Return

     Choose a background color from the Pixel Color sub-menu.
     Additional background colors can be specified with the color
     browser.  You can change the menu colors by setting the X
     resources pen1 through pen9.  Refer to X RESOURCES for more
     details.

     If you choose the color browser and press Grab, you can
     select the background color by moving the pointer to the
     desired color on the screen and press any button.

     Choose a point in the Image window and press this button and
     hold.  Next, move the pointer to another location in the
     image.  As you move a line connects the initial location and
     the pointer.  When you release the button, the degree of
     image rotation is determined by the slope of the line you
     just drew.  The slope is relative to the direction you
     choose from the Direction sub-menu of the Command widget.

     To cancel the image rotation, move the pointer back to the
     starting point of the line and release the button.


IMAGE ANNOTATION

     An image is annotated interactively.  There is no command
     line argument to annotate an image.  To begin, choose
     Annotate of the Image Edit sub-menu from the Command widget
     (see COMMAND WIDGET).  Alternatively, press a in the Image
     window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window.  You are now in annotate mode.  To exit
     immediately, press Return.  In annotate mode, the Command
     widget has these options:

         Font Name
           fixed
           variable
           5x8
           6x10
           7x13bold
           8x13bold
           9x15bold
           10x20
           12x24
           Browser...
         Font Color
           black
           blue
           cyan
           green
           gray
           red
           magenta
           yellow
           white
           Browser...
         Rotate Text
           45
           90
           135
           180
           225
           270
           315
           Dialog...
         Help
         Return

     Choose a font name from the Font Name sub-menu.  Additional
     font names can be specified with the font browser.  You can
     change the menu names by setting the X resources font1
     through font9.  Refer to X RESOURCES for more details.


     Choose a font color from the Font Color sub-menu.
     Additional font colors can be specified with the color
     browser.  You can change the menu colors by setting the X
     resources pen1 through pen9.  Refer to X RESOURCES for more
     details.

     If you select the color browser and press Grab, you can
     choose the font color by moving the pointer to the desired
     color on the screen and press any button.

     If you choose to rotate the text, choose Rotate Text from
     the menu and select an angle.  Typically you will only want
     to rotate one line of text at a time.  Depending on the
     angle you choose, subsequent lines may end up overwriting
     each other.

     Choosing a font and its color is optional.  The default font
     is fixed and the default color is black.  However, you must
     choose a location to begin entering text and press a button.
     An underscore character will appear at the location of the
     pointer.  The cursor changes to a pencil to indicate you are
     in text mode.  To exit immediately, press Return.

     In text mode, any key presses will display the character at
     the location of the underscore and advance the underscore
     cursor.  Enter your text and once completed press Return to
     finish your image annotation.  To correct errors press BACK
     SPACE.  To delete an entire line of text, press DELETE.  Any
     text that exceeds the boundaries of the Image window is
     automatically continued onto the next line.

     The actual color you request for the font is saved in the
     image.  However, the color that appears in your Image window
     may be different.  For example, on a monochrome screen the
     text will appear black or white even if you choose the color
     red as the font color.  However, the image saved to a file
     with -write is written with red lettering.  To assure the
     correct color text in the final image, any PseudoClass image
     is promoted to DirectClass (see miff(5)).  To force a
     PseudoClass image to remain PseudoClass, use -colors.


IMAGE COMPOSITING

     An image composite is created interactively.  There is no
     command line argument to composite an image.  To begin,
     choose Composite of the Image Edit from the Command widget
     (see COMMAND WIDGET).  Alternatively, press x in the Image
     window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     First a popup window is displayed requesting you to enter an
     image name.  Press Composite, Grab or type a file name.
     Press Cancel if you choose not to create a composite image.
     When you choose Grab, move the pointer to the desired window
     and press any button.

     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window. You are now in composite mode.  To exit
     immediately, press Return.  In composite mode, the Command
     widget has these options:

         Operators
           over
           in
           out
           atop
           xor
           plus
           minus
           add
           subtract
           difference
           replace
         Blend
         Help
         Return

     Choose a composite operation from the Operators sub-menu of
     the Command widget.  How each operator behaves is described
     below.  Image window is the image currently displayed on
     your X server and image is the image obtained with the File
     Browser widget.

     over     The result is the union of the two image shapes,
              with image obscuring Image window in the region of
              overlap.

     in       The result is simply image cut by the shape of
              image window.  None of the image data of Image
              window is in the result.

     out      The resulting image is image with the shape of
              Image window cut out.

     atop     The result is the same shape as image Image window,
              with image obscuring Image window where the image
              shapes overlap.  Note this differs from over
              because the portion of image outside Image window's
              shape does not appear in the result.

     xor      The result is the image data from both image and
              Image window that is outside the overlap region.
              The overlap region is blank.

     plus     The result is just the sum of the image data.
              Output values are cropped to 255 (no overflow).
              This operation is independent of the matte
              channels.

     minus    The result of image - Image window, with underflow
              cropped to zero.  The matte channel is ignored (set
              to 255, full coverage).

     add      The result of image + Image window, with overflow
              wrapping around (mod 256).

     subtract The result of image - Image window, with underflow
              wrapping around (mod 256).  The add and subtract
              operators can be used to perform reversible
              transformations.

     difference
              The result of abs(image - Image window).  This is
              useful for comparing two very similar images.

     replace  The resulting image is Image window replaced with
              image.  Here the matte information is ignored.

     The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in
     the image for some operations.  This extra channel usually
     defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter
     for the image.  This is the case when matte is 255 (full
     coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and
     between zero and 255 on the boundary.  If image does not
     have a matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel
     matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255.
     See MATTE EDITING for a method of defining a matte channel.

     If you choose Blend, the composite operator becomes Over.
     The image matte channel percent transparency is initialized
     to factor.  The image window is initialized to (100-factor).
     Where factor is the value you specify in the Dialog widget.

     Note that matte information for Image window is not retained
     for colormapped X server visuals (e.g. StaticColor,
     StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor).  Correct compositing
     behavior may require a TrueColor or DirectColor visual or a
     Standard Colormap.

     Choosing a composite operator is optional.  The default
     operator is replace.  However, you must choose a location to
     composite your image and press a button.  Press and hold the
     button before releasing and an outline of the image will
     appear to help you identify your location.

     The actual colors of the composite image is saved.  However,
     the color that appears in Image window may be different.
     For example, on a monochrome screen Image window will appear
     black or white even though your composited image may have
     many colors.  If the image is saved to a file it is written
     with the correct colors.  To assure the correct colors are
     saved in the final image, any PseudoClass image is promoted
     to DirectClass (see miff(5)).  To force a PseudoClass image
     to remain PseudoClass, use -colors.


COLOR EDITING

     Changing the the color of a set of pixels is performed
     interactively.  There is no command line argument to edit a
     pixel.  To begin, choose Color from the Image Edit submenu
     of the Command widget (see COMMAND WIDGET).  Alternatively,
     press c in the image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window. You are now in color edit mode.  To exit
     immediately, press Return.  In color edit mode, the Command
     widget has these options:

         Pixel Color
           black
           blue
           cyan
           green
           gray
           red
           magenta
           yellow
           white
           Browser...
         Method
           point
           replace
           floodfill
         Undo
         Help
         Return

     Choose a pixel color from the Pixel Color sub-menu.
     Additional pixel colors can be specified with the color
     browser.  You can change the menu colors by setting the X
     resources pen1 through pen9.  Refer to X RESOURCES for more
     details.

     Next, choose a color editing method from the Method sub-menu
     of the Command widget.  The point method recolors any pixel
     selected with the pointer unless the button is released.
     The replace method recolors any pixel that matches the color
     of the pixel you select with a button press.  Floodfill
     recolors any pixel that matches the color of the pixel you
     select with a button press and is a neighbor.

     Now press a button to select a pixel within the Image window
     to change its color.  Additional pixels may be recolored as
     prescribed by the method you choose.  If the Magnify widget
     is mapped, it can be helpful in positioning your pointer
     within the image (refer to button 2).

     The actual color you request for the pixels is saved in the
     image.  However, the color that appears in your Image window
     may be different.  For example, on a monochrome screen the
     pixel will appear black or white even if you choose the
     color red as the pixel color.  However, the image saved to a
     file with -write is written with red pixels.  To assure the
     correct color text in the final image, any PseudoClass image
     is promoted to DirectClass (see miff(5)).  To force a
     PseudoClass image to remain PseudoClass, use -colors.


MATTE EDITING

     Matte information within an image is useful for some
     operations such as image compositing (See IMAGE
     COMPOSITING).  This extra channel usually defines a mask
     which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter for the image.
     This is the case when matte is 255 (full coverage) for
     pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and between zero and
     255 on the boundary.

     Setting the matte information in an image is done
     interactively.  There is no command line argument to edit a
     pixel.  To begin, and choose Matte of the Image Edit sub-
     menu from the Command widget (see COMMAND WIDGET).
     Alternatively, press m in the image window (see KEYBOARD
     ACCELERATORS).

     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window. You are now in matte edit mode.  To exit
     immediately, press Return.  In matte edit mode, the Command
     widget has these options:

         Method
           point
           replace
           floodfill
         Matte
         Undo
         Help
         Return

     Choose a matte editing method from the Method sub-menu of
     the Command widget.  The point method changes the matte
     value of the any pixel selected with the pointer until the
     button is released.  The replace method changes the matte
     value of any pixel that matches the color of the pixel you
     select with a button press.  Floodfill changes the matte
     value of any pixel that matches the color of the pixel you
     select with a button press and is a neighbor.

     Choose Matte Value and a dialog appears requesting a matte
     value.  Enter a value between 0 and 255.  This value is
     assigned as the matte value of the selected pixel or pixels.

     Now, press any button to select a pixel within the Image
     window to change its matte value.  If the Magnify widget is
     mapped, it can be helpful in positioning your pointer within
     the image (refer to button 2).

     Matte information is only valid in a DirectClass image.
     Therefore, any PseudoClass image is promoted to DirectClass
     (see miff(5)).  Note that matte information for PseudoClass
     is not retained for colormapped X server visuals (e.g.
     StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor) unless you
     immediately save your image to a file (refer to Write).
     Correct matte editing behavior may require a TrueColor or
     DirectColor visual or a Standard Colormap.


IMAGE DRAWING

     An image is drawn upon interactively.  There is no command
     line argument to draw on an image.  To begin, choose Draw of
     the Image Edit sub-menu from the Command widget (see COMMAND
     WIDGET).  Alternatively, press d in the Image window (see
     KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     The cursor changes to a crosshair to indicate you are in
     draw mode.  To exit immediately, press Return.  In draw
     mode, the Command widget has these options:

         Primitive
           line
           rectangle
           fill rectangle
         Color
           black
           blue
           cyan
           green
           gray
           red
           magenta
           yellow
           white
           Browser...
         Width
           1
           2
           4
           6
           8
           Dialog...
         Undo
         Help
         Return

     Choose a drawing primitive from the Primitive sub-menu.

     Next, choose a color from the Color sub-menu.  Additional
     colors can be specified with the color browser.  You can
     change the menu colors by setting the X resources pen1
     through pen9.  Refer to X RESOURCES for more details.

     If you choose the color browser and press Grab, you can
     select the primitive color by moving the pointer to the
     desired color on the screen and press any button.

     Choose a line width from the Width sub-menu.  To choose a
     specific width select the Dialog widget.

     Choose a point in the Image window and press a button and
     hold.  Next, move the pointer to another location in the
     image.  As you move, a line connects the initial location
     and the pointer.  When you release the button, the image is
     updated with the primitive you just drew.

     To cancel image drawing, move the pointer back to the
     starting point of the line and release the button.


REGION OF INTEREST

     To begin, press choose Region of Interest of the Pixel
     Transform sub-menu from the Command widget (see COMMAND
     WIDGET).  Alternatively, press R in the Image window (see
     KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

     A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
     the image window.  You are now in region of interest mode.
     In region of interest mode, the Command widget has these
     options:

         Help
         Return

     To define a region of interest, press button 1 and drag.
     The region of interest is defined by a highlighted rectangle
     that expands or contracts as it follows the pointer.  Once
     you are satisfied with the region of interest, release the
     button.  You are now in apply mode.  In apply mode the
     Command widget has these options:

         File
           Image Info

         Edit
           Undo
         Pixel Transform
           Flip
           Flop
           Rotate Right
           Rotate Left
         Color Transform
           Brightness...
           Saturation...
           Hue...
           Gamma...
           Sharpen...
           Dull
           Equalize
           Normalize
           Negate
         Effects
           Despeckle
           Peak Noise
           Sharpen
           Blur
           Edge Detect
           Emboss
           Oil Painting
           Segment
           Grayscale
           Quantize...
         Help
         Return

     You can make adjustments to the region of interest by moving
     the pointer to one of the rectangle corners, pressing a
     button, and dragging.  Finally, choose an image processing
     technique from the Command widget.  You can choose more than
     one image processing technique to apply to an area.
     Alternatively, you can move the region of interest before
     applying another image processing technique.  To exit, press
     Return.


IMAGE PANNING

     When an image exceeds the width or height of the X server
     screen, display maps a small panning icon.  The rectangle
     within the panning icon shows the area that is currently
     displayed in the the Image window.  To pan about the image,
     press any button and drag the pointer within the panning
     icon.  The pan rectangle moves with the pointer and the
     Image window is updated to reflect the location of the
     rectangle within the panning icon.  When you have selected
     the area of the image you wish to view, release the button.

     Use the arrow keys to pan the image one pixel up, down,
     left, or right within the Image window.

     The panning icon is withdrawn if the image becomes smaller
     than the dimensions of the X server screen.


ENVIRONMENT

     display
          To get the default host, display number, and screen.


SEE ALSO

     animate(1), import(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), mosaic(1),
     convert(1), segment(1), combine(1), xtp(1)


COPYRIGHT

     Copyright 1995 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

     Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
     software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
     granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
     notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
     notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
     documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours
     and Company not be used in advertising or publicity
     pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
     written prior permission.  E. I. du Pont de Nemours and
     Company makes no representations about the suitability of
     this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is"
     without express or implied warranty.

     E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all
     warranties with regard to this software, including all
     implied warranties of merchantability and fitness, in no
     event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable
     for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any
     damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or
     profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or
     other tortuous action, arising out of or in connection with
     the use or performance of this software.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics
     a reality.

     Peder Langlo, Hewlett Packard, Norway, made hundreds of
     suggestions and bug reports.  Without Peder, ImageMagick
     would not be nearly as useful as it is today.

     Rod Bogart and John W. Peterson, University of Utah.  Image
     compositing is loosely based on rlecomp of the Utah Raster
     Toolkit.


     Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial
     implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.

     David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for
     providing a computing environment that made this program
     possible.

     Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute. The
     spacial subdivision color reduction algorithm is based on
     his Img software.


AUTHORS

     John Cristy, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
     Incorporated






































[home page]